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AnotaSNP: software para organização de informações de anotação de genes em estudos de associação genômica ampla. Infoteca-e
HIGA, R. H.; OLIVEIRA, G. B. de.
Este documento apresenta o manual do software anotaSNP, que tem por objetivo apoiar pesquisadores na análise de experimentos envolvendo estudos de associação genótipo-fenótipo.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Estudos de associação genômica ampla; Anotação de SNP; Computer software; Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1009333
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Association between polymorphisms in the APOB gene and hyperlipidemia in the Chinese Yugur population BJMBR
Gu,Q-L.; Han,Y.; Lan,Y-M.; Li,Y.; Kou,W.; Zhou,Y-S.; Hai,X-J.; Yan,B.; Ci,C-H..
We investigated the influence of apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) variants on the risk of hyperlipidemia (HL) in 631 middle-aged and elderly members of the Chinese Yugur population (HL, n=336; normolipidemia, n=295). APOB polymorphisms were identified using mass spectrometry, and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1042034, rs2163204, rs512535, rs676210, and rs679899) and serum lipids were further analyzed. rs1042034 and rs676210 were significantly associated with HL (P<0.05). Compared with the GG or AA genotype, individuals with AG and AG+AA in rs1042034 and with AG and AG+GG in rs676210 had a 1.67-fold (95%CI=1.20–2.33),1.63-fold (95%CI=1.19–2.24), 1.72-fold (95%CI=1.24–2.40), and 1.67-fold (95%CI=1.21–2.291) increased risk of high HL, respectively....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Yugur minority; Apolipoprotein B gene; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Hyperlipidemia; Serum lipids.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2017001100601
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Association between toll-like receptor2 Arg677Trp and 597T/C gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis in Zahedan, Southeast Iran BJID
Naderi,Mohammad; Hashemi,Mohammad; Hazire-Yazdi,Leylisadat; Taheri,Mohsen; Moazeni-Roodi,Abdolkarim; Eskandari-Nasab,Ebrahim; Bahari,Gholamreza.
BACKGROUND: It is well known that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates responses of both innate and adaptive immunity to microbial pathogen, including mycobacteria. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR2 gene that impair its function may be associated with the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between TLR2 Arg677Trp and 597T/C polymorphisms and PTB in a sample of Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-;control study was performed on 174 PTB and 177 healthy subjects. Tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (TARMS-PCR) was used to detect the SNPs. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the polymorphism of Arg677Trp of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Tuberculosis; TLR2; Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000500002
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Association of TLR4 polymorphisms with subclinical mastitis in Brazilian holsteins BJM
Mesquita,Adriano Queiroz de; Rezende,Cintia Silva Minafra e; Mesquita,Albenones José de; Jardim,Eurione Antonio Garcia da Veiga; Kipnis,Ana Paula Junqueira.
The identification of dairy cows with greater or lower potential to develop mastits has been pursued for many years among different segments of the milk industry, including governmental organizations. Genomic studies have suggested that Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the pattern recognition receptors (PRR) could lead to different responses to pathogens, and consequently result in mastitis resistance or susceptibility. To investigate whether toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene is associated with subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows from a property in the state of Goiás, Brazil, TaqMan allelic discrimination and somatic cell count were performed. One hundred and fifty milk samples were analyzed for SCC and centesimal composition. Twenty percent...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: TLR-4; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Mastitis; Milk quality.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822012000200034
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Associations between CD36 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to coronary artery heart disease BJMBR
Zhang,Y.; Ling,Z.Y.; Deng,S.B.; Du,H.A.; Yin,Y.H.; Yuan,J.; She,Q.; Chen,Y.Q..
Associations between polymorphisms of the CD36 gene and susceptibility to coronary artery heart disease (CHD) are not clear. We assessed allele frequencies and genotype distributions of CD36 gene polymorphisms in 112 CHD patients and 129 control patients using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Additionally, we detected CD36 mRNA expression by real-time quantitative PCR, and we quantified plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05) in allele frequencies of rs1761667 or in genotype distribution and allele frequencies of rs3173798. The genotype...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Coronary artery disease; CD36; Rs1761667; Rs3173798; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Ox-LDL.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2014001000895
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Bovine &#956;-calpain (CAPN1) gene polymorphisms in Brangus and Brahman bulls JBAG
Soria,LA; Corva,PM; Huguet,MJ; Miño,S; Miquel,MC.
The bovine CAPN1 gene encodes the large subunit of &#956;-calpain, which is thought to be one of the most important enzymes involved in postmortem beef tenderization. Three SNPs in CAPN1 (SNP 316, SNP 530 and SNP 4751) have been associated with beef tenderness in different beef cattle breeds. The objective of this work was to implement genotyping strategies for CAPN1 markers as part of a project pursuing the identifi cation and validation of molecular markers associated with bovine meat quality and composition. Three PCR-RFLP methods were designed to determine genotypes of 64 bulls (11 Angus, 43 Brangus and 10 Brahman). Unexpected patterns resulting from the PCR-RFLP analysis at SNP 316 and SNP 530 were resolved by cloning and sequencing and lead to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Beef cattle; Meat tenderness; U-calpain; Molecular markers; Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1852-62332010000100007
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Comparison of the effectiveness of microsatellites and SNP panels for genetic identification, traceability and assessment of parentage in an inbred Angus herd Genet. Mol. Biol.
Fernández,María E.; Goszczynski,Daniel E.; Lirón,Juan P.; Villegas-Castagnasso,Egle E.; Carino,Mónica H.; Ripoli,María V.; Rogberg-Muñoz,Andrés; Posik,Diego M.; Peral-García,Pilar; Giovambattista,Guillermo.
During the last decade, microsatellites (short tandem repeats or STRs) have been successfully used for animal genetic identification, traceability and paternity, although in recent year single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been increasingly used for this purpose. An efficient SNP identification system requires a marker set with enough power to identify individuals and their parents. Genetic diagnostics generally include the analysis of related animals. In this work, the degree of information provided by SNPs for a consanguineous herd of cattle was compared with that provided by STRs. Thirty-six closely related Angus cattle were genotyped for 18 STRs and 116 SNPs. Cumulative SNPs exclusion power values (Q) for paternity and sample matching...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Microsatellite; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Exclusion probability; Genetic identification; Bovine.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572013000200008
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Correlation of interleukin-18 gene polymorphism with the susceptibility of condyloma acuminatum in Chinese population BJID
Wang,Changyuan; Wei,Li; Chu,Weilin; Yu,Haiyang; Yu,Xinjuan; Li,Chunxia.
ABSTRACT Host immunogenetic setting is involved in the regulation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and development of condyloma acuminatum (CA). We investigated the correlation of two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−607C/A and −137G/C) of IL-18 with the susceptibility of CA in a large Chinese cohort. Out of 408 CA patients analyzed, 300 had HPV infection transmitted through sexual contact (SC) and 108 through non-sexual contact (NSC). In addition, 360 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. SNPs at positions −607C/A and −137G/C in IL-18 promoter were analyzed. Comparing CA patients to healthy controls, no dominant relevance was found between the IL-18 promoter −607 C/A or −137G/C polymorphisms and the CA disease either...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Condyloma acuminatum; Human papillomavirus; Cytokine; Single nucleotide polymorphism; IL-18.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702019000600388
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Cytochrome P450c17alpha (CYP17) gene polymorphism is not associated with leiomyoma susceptibility Genet. Mol. Biol.
Yao-Yuan,Hsieh; Fuu-Jen,Tsai; Chi-Chen,Chang; Chang-Hai,Tsai; Cheng-Chieh,Lin; Lian-Shun,Yeh.
Estrogen plays a role in the pathogenesis of leiomyoma. The CYP17 gene codes for the cytochrome P450c17alpha enzyme, which is involved in the biosynthesis of estrogen. Our aim was to investigate if CYP17 polymorphism could be a useful marker to predict the susceptibility to leiomyoma. Our sample of female subjects was divided into two groups: (1) with leiomyoma (n = 159); (2) without leiomyoma (n = 128). A 169-bp fragment encompassing the A1/A2 polymorphic site of the CYP17 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restricted by enzyme MspA1I and electrophored on agarose gel. Genotypes and allelic frequencies for this polymorphism in both groups were compared. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cytochrome P450c17; CYP17; Leiomyoma; Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572002000400002
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Decreased platelet responsiveness to clopidogrel correlates with CYP2C19 and PON1 polymorphisms in atherosclerotic patients BJMBR
Marchini,J.F.M.; Pinto,M.R.; Novaes,G.C.; Badran,A.V.; Pavão,R.B.; Figueiredo,G.L.; Lago,I.M.; Lima-Filho,M.O.; Lemos,D.C.; Tonani,M.; Antloga,C.M.; Oliveira,L.; Lorenzi,J.C.; Marin-Neto,J.A..
Clopidogrel and aspirin are the most commonly used medications worldwide for dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. However, clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness related to gene polymorphisms is a concern. Populations with higher degrees of genetic admixture may have increased prevalence of clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness. To assess this, we genotyped CYP2C19, ABCB1, and PON1 in 187 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Race was self-defined by patients. We also performed light transmission aggregometry with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid during dual antiplatelet therapy. We found a significant difference for presence of the CYP2C19*2 polymorphism between white and non-white patients. Although 7%...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Platelet function tests; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Aspirin; Clopidogrel.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2017000100702
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Effects of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene polymorphisms on plumage color in mule ducks R. Bras. Zootec.
Tu,Yi-Chen; Wei,Liang-Yuan; Chang,Yi-Ying; Liu,Hsiu-Chou; Lee,Hsien-Hsiung; Yu,Yu-Hsiang; Chen,Ming-Cheng.
ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene on plumage coloration in mule ducks. PCR-high-resolution melting analysis (PCR-HRM) and DNA sequencing were used to identify the SNP variability of the MC1R gene in white common ducks. Three non-synonymous SNP (MC1R gene exon 1, c.52G>A, c.376G>A, and c.409G>A) were identified in white Tsaiya ducks. Mating test (white Tsaiya ducks × white Muscovy drakes) in combination with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to investigate the effect of non-synonymous SNP of different maternal lines on plumage coloration in mule ducks. Genotyping results...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Muscovy drakes; Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Tsaiya ducks.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982019000100305
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Evaluation of six nucleotide polymorphisms for bovine traceability in the context of the Argentine-Chinese beef trade JBAG
Ripoli,M.V; Wei,S; Rogberg-Muñoz,A; Guo,B.L; Goszczynski,D.E; Fernandez,M.E; Mellucci,L; Lirón,J.P; Villarreal,E; Wei,Y.M; Giovambattista,G.
Genetic traceability refers to methods associated with the identification of animals and their products through DNA characterization of individuals, breeds or species. To trace breeds, it is necessary to define the breed groups to analyze, and the most appropriate molecular marker set. The selection of genetic markers depends on the gene frequency distribution, the genetic distance among breeds and the presence of private alleles. In this study, we assessed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the DGAT1, TG, LEP, GH, FABP4 and GnRHR genes, as potential genetic markers to be included into a panel for genetic traceability for the identification of breed origin associated with the bovine beef trade. The results of the genetic characterization...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Breed traceability; Genetic traceability; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Chinese cattle; Argentine cattle.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1852-62332013000300004
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Genetic analysis of the ELOVL6 gene polymorphism associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus BJMBR
Liu,Y.; Wang,F.; Yu,X.L.; Miao,Z.M.; Wang,Z.C.; Chen,Y.; Wang,Y.G..
Recent animal studies have indicated that overexpression of the elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (Elovl6) gene can cause insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. These are the major factors involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To identify the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) ofELOVL6 and T2DM pathogenesis, we conducted a case-control study of 610 Han Chinese individuals (328 newly diagnosed T2DM and 282 healthy subjects). Insulin resistance and islet first-phase secretion function were evaluated by assessment of insulin resistance in a homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) and an arginine stimulation test. Three SNPs of the ELOVL6 gene were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Insulin resistance; Β-cell function.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2013000700623
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Genetic association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in dystrobrevin binding protein 1 gene with schizophrenia in a Malaysian population Genet. Mol. Biol.
Tan,Grace Kang Ning; Tee,Shiau Foon; Tang,Pek Yee.
Dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene is pivotal in regulating the glutamatergic system. Genetic variants of the DTNBP1 affect cognition and thus may be particularly relevant to schizophrenia. We therefore evaluated the association of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with schizophrenia in a Malaysian population (171 cases; 171 controls). Associations between these six SNPs and schizophrenia were tested in two stages. Association signals with p < 0.05 and minor allele frequency > 0.05 in stage 1 were followed by genotyping the SNPs in a replication phase (stage 2). Genotyping was performed with sequenced specific primer (PCR-SSP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In our sample, we found significant associations...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Case-control study; DTNBP1; Schizophrenia; Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572015000200138
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Genetics of homocysteine metabolism and associated disorders BJMBR
Brustolin,S.; Giugliani,R.; Félix,T.M..
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from the metabolism of methionine, an essential amino acid, and is metabolized by one of two pathways: remethylation or transsulfuration. Abnormalities of these pathways lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia is observed in approximately 5% of the general population and is associated with an increased risk for many disorders, including vascular and neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, birth defects, diabetes, renal disease, osteoporosis, neuropsychiatric disorders, and cancer. We review here the correlation between homocysteine metabolism and the disorders described above with genetic variants on genes coding for enzymes of homocysteine metabolism relevant to clinical practice,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Folate metabolism; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Susceptibility genes.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2010000100001
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Genome-wide association study of drought-related resistance traits in Aegilops tauschii Genet. Mol. Biol.
Qin,Peng; Lin,Yu; Hu,Yaodong; Liu,Kun; Mao,Shuangshuang; Li,Zhanyi; Wang,Jirui; Liu,Yaxi; Wei,Yuming; Zheng,Youliang.
Abstract The D-genome progenitor of wheat (Triticum aestivum), Aegilops tauschii, possesses numerous genes for resistance to abiotic stresses, including drought. Therefore, information on the genetic architecture of A. tauschii can aid the development of drought-resistant wheat varieties. Here, we evaluated 13 traits in 373 A. tauschii accessions grown under normal and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions and performed a genome-wide association study using 7,185 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We identified 208 and 28 SNPs associated with all traits using the general linear model and mixed linear model, respectively, while both models detected 25 significant SNPs with genome-wide distribution. Public database searches...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Aegilops tauschii; Drought resistance; Genome-wide association study; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Wheat.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572016000300398
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Genotipagem por meio de marcadores SNP em cevada (Hordeum vulgare): um estudo de caso em cultivares e populações resultantes de retrocruzamentos. Infoteca-e
MUDADU, M. de A.; LAU, E. Y.; PEREIRA, J. F.; MINELLA, E..
Este documento representa o primeiro passo no sentido de aumentar a utilização de marcadores SNP em cevada por grupos de pesquisa no Brasil. As formas de obtenção e análise dos dados são detalhadas utilizando-se estudo de caso sobre diversidade genética de cultivares e incorporação de um importante gene por meio de cruzamento e retrocruzamentos. Este relato aproveita a experiência de pesquisadores da Embrapa Trigo e da Embrapa Informática Agropecuária e abre a possibilidade para que milhares de marcadores SNP possam ser utilizados para diferentes finalidades, potencializando um melhoramento de cevada mais preciso e com maiores ganhos genéticos.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Marcador molecula; Chip SNP; Genotipagem; Melhoramento genético; Cevada; Hordeum Vulgare; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Genetic improvement; Genotyping.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1116075
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Geographic isolation and larval dispersal shape seascape genetic patterns differently according to spatial scale ArchiMer
Dalongeville, Alicia; Andrello, Marco; Mouillot, David; Lobreaux, Stephane; Fortin, Marie-josee; Lasram, Frida; Belmaker, Jonathan; Rocklin, Delphine; Manel, Stephanie.
Genetic variation, as a basis of evolutionary change, allows species to adapt and persist in different climates and environments. Yet, a comprehensive assessment of the drivers of genetic variation at different spatial scales is still missing in marine ecosystems. Here, we investigated the influence of environment, geographic isolation, and larval dispersal on the variation in allele frequencies, using an extensive spatial sampling (47 locations) of the striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) in the Mediterranean Sea. Univariate multiple regressions were used to test the influence of environment (salinity and temperature), geographic isolation, and larval dispersal on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies. We used Moran's eigenvector maps...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Ecological genetics; Marine fish; Mediterranean Sea; Mullus surmuletus; Seascape genetics; Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00454/56556/75079.pdf
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High baseline serum total and LDL cholesterol levels are associated with MDR1 haplotypes in Brazilian hypercholesterolemic individuals of European descent BJMBR
Rodrigues,A.C.; Rebecchi,I.M.M.; Bertolami,M.C.; Faludi,A.A.; Hirata,M.H.; Hirata,R.D.C..
The MDR1 gene encodes the P-glycoprotein, an efflux transporter with broad substrate specificity. P-glycoprotein has raised great interest in pharmacogenetics because it transports a variety of structurally divergent drugs, including lipid-lowering drugs. The synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism C3435T and the nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism G2677T/A in MDR1 have been indicated as potential determinants of variability in drug disposition and efficacy. In order to evaluate the effect of G2677T/A and C3435T MDR1 polymorphisms on serum levels of lipids before and after atorvastatin administration, 69 unrelated hypercholesterolemic individuals from São Paulo city, Brazil, were selected and treated with 10 mg atorvastatin orally once daily for...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: MDR1 gene; Hypercholesterolemia; Statins; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Pharmacogenetics.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005000900014
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Is a non-synonymous SNP in the HvAACT1 coding region associated with acidic soil tolerance in barley? Genet. Mol. Biol.
Ferreira,Jéssica Rosset; Faria,Bruna Franciele; Comar Junior,Moacyr; Delatorre,Carla Andréa; Minella,Euclydes; Pereira,Jorge Fernando.
Abstract The barley HvAACT1 gene codes for a citrate transporter associated with tolerance to acidic soil. In this report, we describe a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the HvAACT1 coding region that was detected as T-1,198 (in genotypes with lower root growth on acidic soil) or G-1,198 (greater root growth) and resulted in a single amino acid change (L/V-172). Molecular dynamic analysis predicted that HvAACT1 proteins with L or V-172 were stable, although the substitution led to structural changes within the protein. To evaluate the effect of the SNP on tolerance to acidic soil, barley accessions were separated into haplotypes based on the presence of a 1 kb insertion in the HvAACT1 promoter and a 21 bp insertion/deletion. These markers and the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Aluminium tolerance; Citrate transporter; Haplotype; Hordeum vulgare; Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572017000300480
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